![]() ![]() We have developed an integrated database called “dbTMM” that incorporates both the individual cohort/clinical data and the genome/multiomics data of 157,191 participants. That is, our integrated biobank provides not only cohort/clinical data but also genome/multiomics data in addition to biospecimens from participants. Our biobank is an “integrated” biobank, having both biobank and analytical facilities for genomic 8 and multiomics analysis 9 to provide genome and multi-omics data of common interest instead of distributing the raw specimens. To clarify genes and gene-environment interactions in common diseases and develop risk scores for them, our biobank has conducted genome and multiomics analyses. ![]() More than 150,000 participants were successfully recruited and investigated in the baseline studies from 2013 to 2017, and their collected specimens have been stored in a biobank 7. The TMM CommCohort study has been conducted in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, and the TMM BirThree Cohort study has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture. In Japan, in the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) project 4, we conducted a population‐based adult cohort study named “the TMM Community‐Based Cohort study (TMM CommCohort study)” 5 and a birth and three‐generation cohort study named “the TMM Birth and Three‐generation Cohort study (TMM BirThree Cohort study)” 6. Several large-scale prospective cohort studies of gene-environment are underway, including the UK Biobank and All of Us. To reveal the genes and gene-environment interactions underlying common diseases and estimate the risk of common diseases, prospective cohort studies have been conducted to characterize genes, exposures and risk factors before disease onset 3. The proportions of heritability explained for common diseases are low, and rare variants or environmental factors modifying genetic risk through gene-environment (G × E) interactions are expected to explain this missing heritability. However, in common diseases, most genetic variants identified account for only a small fraction of the total phenotypic variation and cannot account for most of the heritability of diseases and phenotypes 2. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), a genome-wide approach for identifying genetic variants associated with a trait 1, have accelerated investigations of the genetic architecture of complex diseases. ![]() Human Genome Variation volume 8, Article number: 44 ( 2021)
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